Definition | Causes | Risk Factors | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Prevention

Definition

A shoulder labral tear is tear of the labrum. The labrum is the tissue that helps hold the end of the arm bone, known as the humerus, in place.

Shoulder Joint

Shoulder joint repair
The tool and arrow point to the labrum (cartilage) of the glenoid.
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Causes

Shoulder labral tears occur from an injury or through long-term wear and tear. Common causes include the following:

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of a labral tear include:

  • Participation in certain sports, such as:
    • Baseball (pitchers)
    • Golf
    • Weightlifting
    • Tennis
  • Falling onto your shoulder
  • Repetitive movements of the shoulder
  • Lifting heavy objects
  • Breaking a fall with your arms
  • Direct blow to the shoulder

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

  • Shoulder and/or arm pain
  • Catching or loosening feeling of the shoulder
  • Loss of shoulder range of motion
  • Weakness of shoulder and/or arm
  • Pain with shoulder movement
  • Popping or grinding sensation
  • Achiness of the shoulder

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Imaging tests to evaluate the shoulder and surrounding structures may include:

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. You will likely be referred to a specialist such as an orthopedic surgeon. Treatment options include the following:

Medical Treatment

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
  • Rest, heat, and/or ice
  • Physical therapy to strengthen muscles

Generally, this treatment is tried for several weeks. If there is no improvement, surgery is considered. The doctor may also inject a steroid directly into the shoulder to decrease inflammation and pain.

Surgical Treatment

In a shoulder arthroscopy, a surgeon inserts a thin, lighted tube through a small incision to view the injury and fix it. Small instruments are threaded through this tube. The torn ligament/tissue may be removed or sewn together. Wires or tacks may also be used to reattach any torn tendons.

After surgery, a sling will need to be worn. When the sling is removed, a physical therapist can help to gradually strengthen the arm muscles and increase motion.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of a shoulder labral tear:

  • Use the proper technique when playing sports.
  • Avoid putting yourself at risk for trauma to the shoulder area.
  • Perform stretching and strengthening exercises that target the shoulder area.